Research

	Increasing ocean stratification over the past half-century Dr. Mann with an international team of climate scientists have published the article talking about increasing ocean stratification that decreases ocean productivity and reduces carbon burial.
	Atlantic and Pacific oscillations lost in the noise It was found that the so-called Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation are indistinguishable from the background noise of internal climate variability.
	The 2019 North Atlantic Hurricane Season: Penn State ESSC Forecast ESSC scientist Dr. Michael E. Mann, alumnus Dr. Michael Kozar, and researcher Sonya K. Miller have released their seasonal prediction for the 2019 North Atlantic hurricane season, which officially starts on June 1st and runs through November 30th.
	Controlling future summer weather extremes still within our grasp Dr. Michael Mann and others have published a paper looking at summertime extreme weather patterns in future scenarios of global warming.
	The 2018 North Atlantic Hurricane Season: Penn State ESSC Forecast ESSC scientists Michael Mann, alumnus Michael Kozar, and researcher Sonya K. Miller have released their seasonal prediction for the 2018 North Atlantic Hurricane season, which officially tarts on June 1st and runs through November 30th. Read original article here
	Impact of climate change on New York City’s coastal flood hazard: Increasing flood heights from the preindustrial to 2300 CE Dr. Andra J. Reed has published a paper with Dr. Michael Mann, Dr. Richard Alley, Dr. David Pollard, and others about the likelihood of more frequent flooding in the New York City region due to climate change and storm surge from tropical systems.
	Record Temperature Streak Bears Anthropogenic Fingerprint Dr. Michael E. Mann, Sonya K. Miller, Stefan Rahmstorf, Byron A. Steinman, and Martin Tingley conducted a study that proved that human caused warming likely led to the recent streak of record-breaking temperatures.
	Allowable 'carbon 'budget most likely overestimated A recent article published in Nature Climate Change examines the definition of the "pre-industrial" baseline used for climate change discussions and projections. The group, including ESSC director Dr. Michael Mann, posits that the actual "pre-industrial" era is much earlier than the one used by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC). Changing the baseline could have an impact on targets used in agreements like the Paris Climate Accords.
	Influence of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Planetary Wave Resonance and Extreme Weather Events Michael E. Mann, distinguished professor of atmospheric science at Penn State University, completed research with Stefan Rahmstorf, Kai Kornhuber and Dim Coumou to demonstrate a direct link between climate change and a large family of extreme recent weather events.
	Global climate models do not easily downscale for regional predictions Dr. Mann and Dr. Fuqing Zhang both professors of meteorology at The Pennsylvania State University were concerned that the direct use of climate model output would produce inaccurate information. They focused on temperature and precipitation in their research on global climate models.